α to β Phase Transformation and Microestructural Changes of PVDF Films Induced by Uniaxial Stretch

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Effect of filler size and concentration on the structure and properties of poly(vinylidene fluoride)/BaTiO3 nanocomposites (2012, methodology): “The -phase content present in each sample was calculated from the absorption bands at 764 and 840 cm (1), characteristic of the  and -PVDF, respectively, with a procedure similar to the one reported in [19,20].”
A Brief Review of Stimulus-active Polymers Responsive to Thermal, Light, Magnetic, Electric, and Water/Solvent Stimuli (2010, background): “The phase transformation of PVDF and its copolymers P(VDFTrFE) during electric polarization, heat treatment, or deformation has been studied intensively (Zhang et al., 1998; Bune et al., 1998; Mohajir and Heymans, 2001; Neidhofer et al., 2004; Sencadas et al., 2009; Martins et al., 2009).”
Integrated 3D printing and corona poling process of PVDF piezoelectric films for pressure sensor application (2017, methodology): “The most common method is by mechanically stretching the sample by a stretch ratio of 3–5 to transform α-phase to β-phase [10].”