Self‐sacrifice as self‐defence: Mortality salience increases efforts to affirm a symbolic immortal self at the expense of the physical self

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The Multidimensional Existential Meaning Scale: A tripartite approach to measuring meaning in life (2017, methodology): “We expected willingness to self-sacrifice for one’s country to be most closely associated with mattering given that the diehard commitment to something larger than oneself may confer individuals with a sense of value (Routledge & Arndt, 2008).”
Threat and defense: From anxiety to approach (2014, unknown): “…cultures following mortality salience and personal uncertainty threats (Harmon-Jones et al., 1997; Jonas & Fischer, 2006; McGregor et al., 2001, Study 1: McGregor, Haji, & Kang, 2008; Schmeichel & Martens, 2005; Schumann et al., 2013; Routledge & Arndt, 2008; Sullivan, Jonas, & Jodlbauer, 2011).”
Mind Perception Is the Essence of Morality (2012, background): “Perceptions of group mind can help explain moral behavior such as self-sacrifice for one's country and religion (Routledge & Arndt, 2008 ), and also other cases of putting group concerns before individual interests (Ridley, 1998 ).”
How terrorism news reports increase prejudice against outgroups: A terror management account (2009, background): “…salience increased violent resistance against political interventions (Hirschberger & Ein-Dor, 2006), support for violent military interventions (Pysczcynksi et al., 2006) and willingness to sacrifice ones life for political or religious ideology (Pysczcynksi et al., 2006; Routledge & Arndt, 2007).”