Effect of pyrolysis temperature and heating rate on biochar obtained from pyrolysis of safflower seed press cake.

By D. Angın. Bioresource Technology, 2013

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Production, activation, and applications of biochar in recent times (2020, background): “1 3 pyrolysis, where reaction temperature increased from 400 to 600 °C at the heating rate of 10–15 °C/min, it resulted in the reduction of the surface area of biochar (Angin 2013).”
Estimation of lignocellulosic biomass pyrolysis product yields using artificial neural networks (2021, background): “Although it is difficult to examine the effect of heating rate irrespectively of the rest of the pyrolysis conditions, generally slower heating rates favour char production [72].”
Biochar: a sustainable solution (2020, background): “Therefore, for a high yield of biochar, biomass having more of lignin and less of cellulose must be used as feedstock for biochar production (Shivaram et al. 2013; Angin 2013).”
Biochar Preparation, Characterization, and Adsorptive Capacity and Its Effect on Bioavailability of Contaminants: An Overview (2014, methodology): “Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is a microscopic technique in determining the image macroporosity and physical morphology of solid substances [17].”
Insight into biochar properties and its cost analysis (2016, background): “surface area, pore volume) is low when pyrolysis temperatures is lower than 350 oC, and is generally increased up to some point (depending on end use) as temperature is increased [28].”