Quantitative micro-analysis by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy: a review of the experimental approaches☆

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Measurement of electron density utilizing the Hα-line from laser produced plasma in air (2006, methodology): “Over the past decades, laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has gained increasing popularity in many fields of applications, because of its reliability, non-contact optical nature and freedom from sample preparation [ 1 ].”
Recent Applications of Laser‐Induced Breakdown Spectrometry: A Review of Material Approaches (2004, methodology): “5 reviewed in detail the current experimental approaches used for obtaining quantitative analysis using LIBS in terms of laser type, fluence, wavelength, pulse duration, delay time, ambient gas, dual‐pulse system, and spectral detector.”
A review of the development of portable laser induced breakdown spectroscopy and its applications (2014, background): “Over the past 50 years, thousands of articles, a handful of books [2–8] and a number of reviews [9–29] have been published dealing with LIBS fundamental [9,10,15,16,30], archeological [14], biomedical [26] and geological applications [18], instrumentation and methodology [17,27], fieldable LIBS [11]”