Adaptive, pre-adaptive and non-adaptive components of radiations in ancient lakes: a review

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Rapid evolution of an ancient lake species flock: Freshwater limpets (Gastropoda: Ancylidae) in the Balkan Lake Ohrid (2006, background): “Today, the term is applied to groups of as few as 3–4 closely related endemic species, with the immediate ancestor not necessarily endemic to the lake (see Schön and Martens (2004) for a review of termini and definitions of species flocks).”
Recent Freshwater Ostracods of the World (2012, background): “The percentage of endemic species in different ancient lakes varies, but is usually very high (94% in Lake Tanganyika) and it often includes a relatively high percentage of the endemic genera (16% in Lake Tanganyika) (Martens 1994a, 1997b; Sch€on and Martens 2004).”
Ancient Lake Ohrid: biodiversity and evolution (2008, background): “Today, species flocks in ancient lakes are seen as a monophyletic group of at least three species that are endemic to the lake but which may include taxa that today occur outside the lake (Schön & Martens, 2004).”
Challenges for freshwater invertebrate conservation (2006, background): “…for outcrossing (as opposed to selfing, hermaphroditism, or parthenogenesis), production of large young, livebearing (as opposed to egg-laying), and narrow habitat requirements have been suggested as traits that lead to rapid local speciation (Michel 1994, Martens 1997, Schon and Martens 2004).”