Darwinian Dynamics: Evolutionary Transitions in Fitness and Individuality. Richard E. Michod

By A. Falk. 2000

154 citations recorded by the source corpus.

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On the transfer of fitness from the cell to the multicellular organism (2006, background): “The evolution of cooperation is fundamental to ETIs, because it exports fitness from the lower level (e.g., its costs to cells) to the higher level (its benefits to the group) and in this way cooperation may create new levels of fitness (Michod 1999; Lachmann et al. 2003; Michod 2003).”
Holobionts and the ecology of organisms: Multi-species communities or integrated individuals? (2016, background): “Extensive experimentation and theoretical individuals can and did evolve (Buss 1987, Maynard Smith and Szathmáry 1995, Michod 1999).”
The Problem of Biological Individuality (2010, background): “Sometimes the underlying idea is spelled out in terms of irreducibility—the fitness of the whole is more than the sum of its parts (Michod 1999; Okasha 2006) or emergent order (Goodwin 1994).”