Security and Privacy on Blockchain

By Rui Zhang, Rui Xue, Ling Liu. ACM Computing Surveys, 2019

923 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Blockchain offers an innovative approach to storing information, executing transactions, performing functions, and establishing trust in an open environment. Many consider blockchain as a technology breakthrough for cryptography and cybersecurity, with use cases ranging from globally deployed cryptocurrency systems like Bitcoin, to smart contracts, smart grids over the Internet of Things, and so forth. Although blockchain has received growing interests in both academia and industry in the recent years, the security and privacy of blockchains continue to be at the center of the debate when deploying blockchain in different applications. This article presents a comprehensive overview of the security and privacy of blockchain. To facilitate the discussion, we first introduce the notion of blockchains and its utility in the context of Bitcoin-like online transactions. Then, we describe the basic security properties that are supported as the essential requirements and building blocks for Bitcoin-like cryptocurrency systems, followed by presenting the additional security and privacy properties that are desired in many blockchain applications. Finally, we review the security and privacy techniques for achieving these security properties in blockchain-based systems, including representative consensus algorithms, hash chained storage, mixing protocols, anonymous signatures, non-interactive zero-knowledge proof, and so forth. We conjecture that this survey can help readers to gain an in-depth understanding of the security and privacy of blockchain with respect to concept, attributes, techniques, and systems.

Subfields: Artificial Intelligence, Information Systems

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b4c3ae7667cc4c64ba6cf7114ab3be0b163312cf

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Citations in the corpus

A Survey on Ethereum Systems Security (2019, background): “[196] presented a comprehensive review on Bitcoin-like transactions and the underlying (cryptographic) mechanisms.”
A Survey on Blockchain for Big Data: Approaches, Opportunities, and Future Directions (2020, background): “Such that, it is impossible to have a public key and create a private key out of it and corrupting the network would basically mean changing each data stored on each node in the network [49].”
SoK: Decentralized Finance (DeFi) (2021, neutral): “We assume that the ledger has the basic security properties of consistency, integrity and availability [175].”
A Survey on the Metaverse: The State-of-the-Art, Technologies, Applications, and Challenges (2023, methodology): “Key technologies used in the Metaverse, such as the IoT and blockchain, pose certain security and privacy risks that need to be addressed [62], [63].”