Prevention and Management of Gastroesophageal Varices and Variceal Hemorrhage in Cirrhosis

By G. Garcia‐Tsao, A. Sanyal, N. Grace, W. Carey. American Journal of Gastroenterology, 2007

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EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines: management of cholestatic liver diseases. (2009, background): “Screening, prophylaxis and treatment approaches should be adopted as in other chronic liver disease settings [245,246].”
Portal hypertensive bleeding in cirrhosis: Risk stratification, diagnosis, and management: 2016 practice guidance by the American Association for the study of liver diseases (2017, background): “These are (1) patients with medium/large varices; (2) patients with small varices with red wale signs; and (3) decompensated patients with small varices.”
EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines for the management of patients with decompensated cirrhosis. (2018, methodology): “Given the high prevalence of ‘high-risk varices’ in decompensated cirrhosis, oesophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) should be performed to detect the presence, size of varices and presence of red wale marks [168, 169].”
Hepatitis C guidance: AASLD‐IDSA recommendations for testing, managing, and treating adults infected with hepatitis C virus (2015, background): “In addition to being in more urgent need for antiviral therapy, individuals with severe fibrosis require screening for HCC and esophageal varices.(60,61) There are several acceptable approaches to staging.”