National greenhouse-gas accounting for effective climate policy on international trade

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Decoupling or delusion? Measuring emissions displacement in foreign trade (2018, background): “…analysis where relative carbon intensities of exports and imports are standardized by using the world average carbon intensity for each sector (cf. Kander et al., 2015; Domingos et al., 2016; Kander et al., 2016), and both imports and exports are compared with the carbon intensity of the world…”
Compliance of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol in the first commitment period (2016, methodology): “…Consumption-Based Accounting (TCBA) / Production-Based Accounting (PBA) emissions ratio underwent only minor changes over 1995-2009 for Annex B-2012 countries, suggesting the increase in low-carbon exports offset the increase in “imported emissions” (Kander et al. 2015) over the period.”
China's “Exported Carbon” Peak: Patterns, Drivers, and Implications (2018, background): “Notably, China’s export value increased by 5% from 2007 to 2010, although it declined from 2008 to 2009, mainly due to the financial crisis (Lardy & Subramanian, 2011).”
Imbalance and drivers of carbon emissions embodied in trade along the Belt and Road Initiative (2020, methodology): “Technologyadjusted consumption-based accounting (TCBA) has been proved to be effective in capturing the differences between the carbon intensities of different economies, but has not been applied widely in empirical studies for more validation [16].”