The College Payoff: Education, Occupations, Lifetime Earnings.

By A. Carnevale, S. Rose, B. Cheah. 2011

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Racial/Ethnic Differences in the Association Between Family Structure and Children's Education (2019, background): “Individuals who enroll in any type of institution—even without earning a degree—make at least a quarter million dollars more in lifetime earnings and have access to higher status occupations than those who never enroll (Carnevale et al., 2011).”
Adverse childhood experiences and life opportunities: Shifting the narrative (2017, background): “At all levels of educational attainment, African Americans and Latinos earn less than whites; African Americans and Latinos with a master’s degree have lifetime earnings that are lower than whites with a bachelor’s degree (Carnevale, Rose, & Cheah, 2011).”
The “task approach” to labor markets: an overview (2013, background): “While one may legitimately be skeptical that education can do much to improve productivity in labor-intensive, technologically-lagging tasks, it is worth noting that workers with post-secondary education appear to earn more in essentially all walks of life—including mundane service occupations—than ”