Fraunhofer and Fresnel Distances : Unified derivation for aperture antennas.

By K. Selvan, Ramakrishna Janaswamy. IEEE Antennas & Propagation Magazine, 2017

448 citations recorded by the source corpus.

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b154b3e883cca2cb15873ba043c8748a887aef09

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In Aerospace Engineering

Citations in the corpus

Near-Field MIMO Communications for 6G: Fundamentals, Challenges, Potentials, and Future Directions (2023, background): “The boundary between these two regions is determined by the Rayleigh distance, also called the Fraunhofer distance [4].”
A Tutorial on Extremely Large-Scale MIMO for 6G: Fundamentals, Signal Processing, and Applications (2023, methodology): “Ref.”
The Integrated Sensing and Communication Revolution for 6G: Vision, Techniques, and Applications (2024, unknown): “Instead, using an ELAA, the wireless links are likely to operate at distances below d F , corresponding to the radiating near-field region , where such an approximation no longer holds and, consequently, the wavefront impinging on the antenna is spherical [237].”
A Tutorial on Near-Field XL-MIMO Communications Toward 6G (2023, unknown): “62 D 3 /λ [30]–[33]. p In this article, we are mainly interested in the radiative ﬁeld region by assuming r ≥ 0 .”
Holographic MIMO Communications: Theoretical Foundations, Enabling Technologies, and Future Directions (2022, methodology): “A widely adopted metric to determine the boundary between the far-field and near-field regions is the Rayleigh distance, also known as the Fraunhofer distance [220].”
Near-Field Communications: A Tutorial Review (2023, methodology): “• From the phase error perspective, several commonly used rules of thumb, including the Rayleigh distance [13], the Fraunhofer condition [14], and the extended Rayleigh distance for MIMO transceivers and RISs [19], have emerged.”
Communicating With Extremely Large-Scale Array/Surface: Unified Modeling and Performance Analysis (2021, unknown): “Note that the typical way for separating far-ﬁeld versus radiative near-ﬁeld regions is based on the classical Rayleigh distance r Rayl = 2 D 2 λ [23]–[26], where D and λ denote the physical dimension of the antenna array and signal wavelength, respectively.”
A Tutorial on Fluid Antenna System for 6G Networks: Encompassing Communication Theory, Optimization Methods and Hardware Designs (2024, background): “The Rayleigh distance is proportional to the product of the square of the array aperture and the operating frequency [271], [272].”
An Overview of Signal Processing Techniques for RIS/IRS-Aided Wireless Systems (2021, unknown): “According to [241], the far-field of an RIS can be defined as the set of observation distances R that are greater than the Fraunhofer distance Rf , i.”
Channel Estimation for Extremely Large-Scale MIMO: Far-Field or Near-Field? (2021, background): “The radiation ﬁeld of the electromagnetic wave can be divided into two regions, i.e., the far-ﬁeld region and the near-ﬁeld region [18].”