The effect of morphological changes from pulp fiber towards nano-scale fibrillated cellulose on the mechanical properties of high-strength plant fiber based composites

By A. N. Nakagaito, Hiroyuki Yano. 2004

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Fibrillated kraft pulp impregnated with phenolic resin was compressed under an extremely high pressure of 100 MPa to produce high strength cellulose nanocomposites. To evaluate how the degree of fibrillation of pulp fiber affects the mechanical properties of the final composites, kraft pulp subjected to various levels of refining and high pressure homogenization treatments was used as raw material with different phenolic resin contents. It was found that fibrillation solely of the surface of the fibers is not effective in improving composite strength, though there is a distinct point in the fibrillation stage at which an abrupt increase in the mechanical properties of composites occurs. In the range between 16 and 30 passes through refiner treatments, pulp fibers underwent a degree of fibrillation that resulted in a stepwise increment of mechanical properties, most strikingly in bending strength. This increase was attributed to the complete fibrillation of the bulk of the fibers. For additional high pressure homogenization-treated pulps, composite strength increased linearly against water retention values, which characterize the cellulose’s exposed surface area, and reached maximum value at 14 passes through the homogenizer.

Subfields: Biomaterials, Biomedical Engineering, Polymers and Plastics

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b048f00ecebb58a952d2908796e2bfef6718f843

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Citations in the corpus

Utilization of various lignocellulosic biomass for the production of nanocellulose: a comparative study (2015, background): “Similar result for cellulose nanofibrils obtained by different extraction methods were reported by Sacui et al. (2014), Xu et al.”
Morphological development of cellulose fibrils of a bleached eucalyptus pulp by mechanical fibrillation (2012, background): “…but they can also be affected by the degree of fibrillation, feedstock species, etc. Softwood pulps have been extensively used for CNF production (Henriksson et al. 2008; Iwamoto et al. 2007; Nakagaito and Yano 2004; Tejado et al. 2012; Uetani and Yano 2011; Zimmermann et al. 2004).”
PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PVA COMPOSITES WITH CELLULOSE NANOFIBERS OBTAINED BY ULTRASONICATION (2011, neutral): “Considerable research has been done regarding the extraction of cellulose nanofibers from different sources and on preparing polymer composites with these fibers (Nakagaito et al. 2004; Yano et al. 2005; Nakagaito and Yano 2008; Nogi et al. 2006; Chakraborty et al. 2005).”
Starch/PVA-based nanocomposites reinforced with bamboo nanofibrils (2015, methodology): “The gap between the silicon carbide stones in the defibrillator was adjusted to 100 m (Nakagaito and Yano, 2004) and suspensions from refined/bleached fibers were fed several times until form a gel, which began to happen after 15 passages through the defibrillator (Bufalino et al., 2014; Guimarães…”
Morphological investigation of nanoparticles obtained from combined mechanical shearing, and enzymatic and acid hydrolysis of sisal fibers (2010, background): “Sulfuric (Bondeson et al. 2006; Morandi et al. 2009; Beck-Candanedo et al. 2005) and hydrochloric (Araki et al. 2001; van den Berg et al. 2007) acids are commonly used to produce individualized rod-like cellulose nanocrystals since the discovery of this process by Ra ˚nby and Ribi (1949, 1950) Suspe”
Bacterial cellulose films with controlled microstructure–mechanical property relationships (2010, result): “This conclusion is also supported by other studies where elastic modulus of BC is attributed to the planar and straight orientation of the continuous and dimensionally uniform three-dimensional cellulose structure (Eichhorn and Young 2001; Nakagaito and Yano 2004 ).”