Discovery of a Ringlike Dark Matter Structure in the Core of the Galaxy Cluster Cl 0024+17

By Myung-Kook Jee, H. C. Ford, G. Illingworth, R. White, T. Broadhurst, D. Coe, G. Meurer, A. van der Wel, N. Benı́tez, J. Blakeslee and 6 more. 2007

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We present a comprehensive mass reconstruction of the rich galaxy cluster Cl 0024+17 at z ≃ 0.4 from ACS data, unifying both strong- and weak-lensing constraints. The weak-lensing signal from a dense distribution of background galaxies (~120 arcmin-2) across the cluster enables the derivation of a high-resolution parameter-free mass map. The strongly lensed objects tightly constrain the mass structure of the cluster inner region on an absolute scale, breaking the mass-sheet degeneracy. The mass reconstruction of Cl 0024+17 obtained in such a way is remarkable. It reveals a ringlike dark matter substructure at r ~ 75′′ surrounding a soft, dense core at r ≲ 50′′. We interpret this peculiar substructure as the result of a high-speed line-of-sight collision of two massive clusters ~1-2 Gyr ago. Such an event is also indicated by the cluster velocity distribution. Our numerical simulation with purely collisionless particles demonstrates that such density ripples can arise by radially expanding, decelerating particles that originally comprised the precollision cores. Cl 0024+17 can be likened to the bullet cluster 1E 0657-56, but viewed along the collision axis at a much later epoch. In addition, we show that the long-standing mass discrepancy for Cl 0024+17 between X-ray and lensing can be resolved by treating the cluster X-ray emission as coming from a superposition of two X-ray systems. The cluster's unusual X-ray surface brightness profile that requires a two isothermal sphere description supports this hypothesis.

Subfields: Astronomy and Astrophysics, Instrumentation

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b036d6d7013350d90a65c7c7b662c1fdfe5d3617

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Citations in the corpus

Field-theoretical formulations of MOND-like gravity (2007, unknown): “[151] M. J. Jee et al. (2007), arXiv:0705.2171 [astro-ph].”
THE CLUSTER LENSING AND SUPERNOVA SURVEY WITH HUBBLE: AN OVERVIEW (2011, unknown): “C O ] 3 J an 2 01 2010); Abell 1703 (Limousin et al. 2008; Saha & Read 2009; Zitrin et al. 2010); Abell 2218 (Eĺıasdóttir et al. 2007); CL0024+1654 (Jee et al. 2007; Zitrin et al. 2009; Umetsu et al. 2010); and MS1358+6245 (Zitrin et al. 2011c).”
Creation of cosmic structure in the complex galaxy cluster merger Abell 2744 (2011, background): “Observations have also broadened, with discoveries of a possible line-of-sight merger CL0024+1654 (Czoske et al. 2002; Hoekstra 2007; Jee et al. 2007; Zitrin et al. 2009; Umetsu et al. 2010; Zu Hone et al. 2009,a), and other systems including the Baby Bullet (MACS J0025.”
Multiscale cluster lens mass mapping - I. Strong lensing modelling (2009, background): “New lensing results reveal irregular or merging clusters (e.g. Bradač et al. 2006; Jee et al. 2007; Mahdavi et al. 2007).”
UV CONTINUUM SLOPE AND DUST OBSCURATION FROM z ∼ 6 TO z ∼ 2: THE STAR FORMATION RATE DENSITY AT HIGH REDSHIFT (2009, methodology): “For Abell 2218, MS1358, CL0024 (sometimes known as CL0024+1652), Abell 1689, and Abell 1703, we adopt the models constructed by Eĺıasdóttir et al. (2007), Franx et al. (1997), Jee et al. (2007), Limousin et al. (2007), and Limousin et al. (2008), respectively.”
Combined strong and weak lensing analysis of 28 clusters from the Sloan Giant Arcs Survey (2011, background): “Furthermore, lensing analysis of several merging clusters of galaxies strongly supports the collisionless nature of dark matter (Clowe et al. 2006; Jee et al. 2007; Bradač et al. 2008; Merten et al. 2011), although a possible case against the collisionless nature has also been discovered (Mahdavi…”
GALAXY CLUSTERS IDENTIFIED FROM THE SDSS DR6 AND THEIR PROPERTIES (2009, background): “The detailed studies of clusters provide the strong evidence of dark matter and constrain the abundance of dark matter in the universe (see, e.g., Ikebe et al. 1996; Castillo-Morales & Schindler 2003; Jee et al. 2007; Bradač et al. 2008).”
Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND): Observational Phenomenology and Relativistic Extensions (2011, background): “So the results of the simulation with purely collisionless dark particles [211] would surely be very similar in MOND gravity.”
A Wide-Field Survey of Two z ~ 0.5 Galaxy Clusters: Identifying the Physical Processes Responsible for the Observed Transformation of Spirals into S0s (2007, background): “The effects of this collision, even an estimated several Gyr after it occurred (Czoske et al. 2002), are still important in the core of Cl 0024–for example, as shown by intriguing recent claims of a ‘dark matter ring’ in the core of Cl 0024 (Jee et al. 2007).”
Axions and the Strong CP Problem (2008, background): “Circular gravitational lensing images [208, Jee et al. (2007)] also support the existence of DM.”
Cosmological Simulations with Self-Interacting Dark Matter I: Constant Density Cores and Substructure (2012, methodology): “Since that time, evidence has emerged that this particular cluster is undergoing a merger along the line of sight (Czoske et al. 2001, 2002; Zhang et al.2005; Jee et al. 2007; Jee 2010; Umetsu et al. 2010).”
Dark Matter: A Primer (2010, background): “In May of 2007, NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope (HST) detected a ring-like structure of dark matter, caused by another collision of two massive galaxy clusters one to two billion years ago [29].”
New Multiply-Lensed Galaxies Identified in ACS/NIC3 Observations of Cl0024+1654, Using an Improved Mass Model (2009, methodology): “This system is used by Jee et al. (2007) together with the weak-lensing (WL) distortions (Object B1,2 in the notation of Jee et al. 2007) to derive the inner mass distribution based on a non-parametric technique (e.g., Abdelsalam, Saha, & Williams 1998, Diego et al. 2005).”