Moving Beyond Causes: Optimality Models and Scientific Explanation

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Reasons, Values, Stakeholders: A Philosophical Framework for Explainable Artificial Intelligence (2021, background): “Other examples include cases of optimality or statistical explanations where reference to an optimality or statistical fact is responsible for the explanation of empirical phenomena such as natural selection or genetic drift [54, 61, 63].”
Abstract Explanations in Science (2015, background): “See, for example, (Mancosu [2008]) and (Lange [2010]).”
Why Attention is Not Explanation: Surgical Intervention and Causal Reasoning about Neural Models (2020, methodology): “Below, we summarize these accounts, derived from research at the interface between philosophy of explanation and philosophy of scientiﬁc models, and the more general research area in optimality theories of explanation (Strevens, 2008; Rice, 2015; Potochnik, 2018).”