Rotating Instabilities in an Axial Compressor Originating From the Fluctuating Blade Tip Vortex

By R. Mailach, I. Lehmann, K. Vogeler. 2000

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Origins and structure of spike-type rotating stall (2012, result): “It is also found that the tip clearance flow is highly unsteady, as has been observed by others [20,21].”
Measurements of the tip leakage vortex structures and turbulence in the meridional plane of an axial water-jet pump (2011, background): “These flows have been studied extensively because they cause several adverse effects on the machine performance, including, for instance, inviscid blockage to the throughflow of the passage, which changes the working point of the machine (Denton 1993), and efficiency losses due to the turbulent flow”
Large-eddy simulation analysis of mechanisms for viscous losses in a turbomachinery tip-clearance flow (2007, background): “The tip-clearance vortex often induces rotating instabilities and blockage in the flow passage which can result in severe performance loss and subsequent stall of axial compressors (Furukawa et al. 1998; Mailach, Lehmann & Vogeler 2001).”