Mitigating routing misbehavior in mobile ad hoc networks

By Sergio Angel Marti, T. J. Giuli, Kevin Lai, Mary Baker. ACM/IEEE International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking, 2000

4,181 citations recorded by the source corpus.

This paper describes two techniques that improve throughput in an ad hoc network in the presence of nodes that agree to forward packets but fail to do so. To mitigate this problem, we propose categorizing nodes based upon their dynamically measured behavior. We use a watchdog that identifies misbehaving nodes and a pathrater that helps routing protocols avoid these nodes. Through simulation we evaluate watchdog and pathrater using packet throughput, percentage of overhead (routing) transmissions, and the accuracy of misbehaving node detection. When used together in a network with moderate mobility, the two techniques increase throughput by 17% in the presence of 40% misbehaving nodes, while increasing the percentage of overhead transmissions from the standard routing protocol's 9% to 17%. During extreme mobility, watchdog and pathrater can increase network throughput by 27%, while increasing the overhead transmissions from the standard routing protocol's 12% to 24%.

Subfields: Computer Networks and Communications

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/afc0af9aa4462fbb52f8e85859ad6e445ed1e9a2

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In Computer Networks and Communications

Citations in the corpus

Secure routing for mobile ad hoc networks (2005, methodology): “Furthermore, if there is no link encryption utilized in the network, the listening node can also verify that the next node did not modify the packet before transmitting it [1].”
A Survey on Wireless Sensor Network Security (2009, methodology): “Rule-based intrusion detection systems are used to detect known patterns of intrusions as in [137] and [138].”
Detection and handling of MAC layer misbehavior in wireless networks (2003, background): “One approach is to identify misbehaving nodes and avoid such nodes in routing [13].”
Self-Organized Public-Key Management for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (2003, background): “More work in the area of ad hoc network security and mobile device security has been reported in [16], [17], [18], [19], [20], [21], [22], [23], [24], but these papers are only loosely related to the security problems addressed in this paper.”
Nodes bearing grudges: towards routing security, fairness, and robustness in mobile ad hoc networks (2002, background): “[12] observed increasedthroughputin mobile adhocnetworksby complementingDSRwith awatchdog(for detectionof maliciousbehavior) anda ‘pathrater’ (for trustmanagement androutingpolicy, everyusedpathis rated),whichenablenodesto avoid maliciousnodesin their routes.”
Denial of Service in Sensor Networks (2002, background): “In one approach, the node relays a message to the next hop and then acts as a watchdog that verifies the next-hop transmission of the same packet.(13) The watchdog can detect misbehavior, subject to limitations caused by collisions, asymmetric physical connectivity, collusion, and so on.”
Using Directional Antennas to Prevent Wormhole Attacks (2004, background): “Many proposed routing protocols are focused on energy, and provide no protection against an adversary.”
A survey of attacks and detection mechanisms on intelligent transportation systems: VANETs and IoV (2017, background): “While nodes can be observed moving at a maximum speed of 20 m/s in MANET simulations [9], the speeds of vehicles are in fact much faster than this limit.”
SVELTE: Real-time intrusion detection in the Internet of Things (2013, neutral): “Many IDS approaches are based upon watchdog techniques [21,24] which could be used in the IoT.”
Securing ad hoc routing protocols (2004, methodology): “• In 2000, Marti, Giuli and Baker introduced a system [16] to detect egoistic nodes in ad hoc networks.”
Ariadne: A Secure On-Demand Routing Protocol for Ad Hoc Networks (2002, background): “In ad hoc network routing protocols that attempt to keep track of perceived malicious nodes in a “blacklist” at each node, such as is done in watchdog and pathrater [ 40 ], an attacker may malign a good node, causing other good nodes to add that node to their blacklists, thus avoiding that node in r”
Mobile ad hoc networking: imperatives and challenges (2003, background): “Most of the solutions, currently available in literature, present a similar approach to the cooperation problem [16,189,192].”
Sensor network security: a survey (2009, background): “Reputation Rating Scheme conquers the selfish nodes by giving them a bad strike.”
A survey of routing attacks in mobile ad hoc networks (2007, methodology): “This attack is difficult to detect by using the conventional methods such as watchdog and pathrater [ 10 ].”
A survey of security issues in mobile ad hoc and sensor networks (2005, methodology): “In [30] they defined the watchdog method, a basic technique on which many further solutions rely.”
Authenticated routing for ad hoc networks (2005, background): “Another problem that has received attention is that of stimulating cooperation among nodes in an ad hoc network and addressing malicious packet dropping [18], [19], [20], [21], [22], [23].”