Allelopathy of Aquatic Autotrophs

By E. Gross. 2003

652 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Allelopathy in aquatic environments may provide a competitive advantage to angiosperms, algae, or cyanobacteria in their interaction with other primary producers. Allelopathy can influence the competition between different photoautotrophs for resources and change the succession of species, for example, in phytoplankton communities. Field evidence and laboratory studies indicate that allelopathy occurs in all aquatic habitats (marine and freshwater), and that all primary producing organisms (cyanobacteria, micro- and macroalgae as well as angiosperms) are capable of producing and releasing allelopathically active compounds. Although allelopathy also includes positive (stimulating) interactions, the majority of studies describe the inhibitory activity of allelopathically active compounds. Different mechanisms operate depending on whether allelopathy takes place in the open water (pelagic zone) or is substrate associated (benthic habitats). Allelopathical interactions are especially common in fully aquatic species, such as submersed macrophytes or benthic algae and cyanobacteria. The prevention of shading by epiphytic and planktonic primary producers and the competition for space may be the ultimate cause for allelopathical interactions. Aquatic allelochemicals often target multiple physiological processes. The inhibition of photosynthesis of competing primary producers seems to be a frequent mode of action. Multiple biotic and abiotic factors determine the strength of allelopathic interactions. Bacteria associated with the donor or target organism can metabolize excreted allelochemicals. Frequently, the impact of surplus or limiting nutrients has been shown to affect the overall production of allelochemicals and their effect on target species. Similarities and differences of allelopathic interactions in marine and freshwater habitats as well as between the different types of producing organisms are discussed. Referee: Dr. Friedrich Jüttner, Universität Zürich-Limnologische Station, Institut für Pflanzen biologie, Universität Zürich, Seestrasse 187, Ch-8802 Klichberg ZH, Switzerland

Subfields: Environmental Chemistry, Oceanography

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/af68d1585934c4f34dbf1ef843194809ca7fc33d

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Citations in the corpus

Phytotoxic activity of caulerpenyne from the Mediterranean invasive variety of Caulerpa racemosa: a potential allelochemical (2007, methodology): “…the impairment of the photosynthetic process of the competitor is a widespread mechanism of action of allelochemicals also in aquatic environments (Gross 2003), chlorophyll fluorescence measurements can represent a tool in monitoring the alteration of the photosynthetic apparatus by these…”
Allelopathic activity of Elodea canadensis and Elodea nuttallii against epiphytes and phytoplankton (2006, background): “Allelopathy has been described for many aquatic angiosperms (summarised in, e.g., Gopal and Goel, 1993; Gross, 2003), among them Myriophyllum spicatum, which is invasive in North America.”
Harmful algal blooms of allelopathic microalgal species: The role of eutrophication (2008, background): “Chattonella antiqua U GI Matsuyama et al. (2000) cited in Gross (2003) Heterosigma akashiwo U GI, GS Matsuyama et al. (2000) cited in Gross (2003) ; Pratt (1966);”
Effects of benthic algae on the replenishment of corals and the implications for the resilience of coral reefs (2008, background): “…long been accepted to affect settlement of a range of invertebrate larvae (e.g., pawlik 1992, Walters et al. 1996, 2003, de Nys & steinberg 1999, Gross 2003), although there are relatively few studies relevant to algal impacts on coral settlement (Table 3). kuffner & paul (2004) observed that…”
Novel chemical weapon of an exotic macroalga inhibits recruitment of native competitors in the invaded range (2013, background): “…reported to have effects on early life stages of macroalgae, that is, propagules, spores and germlings (R aberg et al. 2005; Dworjanyn, de Nys & Steinberg 2006; Nylund et al. 2007), as well as on microalgae, bacteria and fungi (Harlin 1987; Ervin & Wetzel 2003; Gross 2003; Lane et al. 2009).”
IN SITU ALLELOPATHIC POTENTIAL OF MYRIOPHYLLUM VERTICILLATUM (HALORAGACEAE) AGAINST SELECTED PHYTOPLANKTON SPECIES 1 (2006, methodology): “The inhibitory activity of crude extracts of the apical parts of M. verticillatum in 50% methanol was tested against the cyanobacterium Anabaena PCC 7120 using an agar diffusion assay (ADA).”
Cyanobacterial peptides - nature's own combinatorial biosynthesis. (2006, background): “Allelopathy in aquatic systems is not well studied compared to terrestrial systems (Legrand et al., 2003), although it is considered an important regulatory factor for community composition and dynamics (Gross, 1999, 2003).”
Mathematical analysis and numerical simulation of pattern formation under cross-diffusion (2013, neutral): “mainly on field or experimental data (see [38–40] and the references therein).”
Comparison of cyanobacterial and green algal growth rates at different temperatures (2013, background): “Second, cyanobacteria seem to be among the most potent producers of allelochemicals interfering with the growth of competitors (Gross, 2003; Leão et al., 2009).”
Chemical effects of macroalgae on larval settlement of the broadcast spawning coral Acropora millepora (2008, background): “Besides producing or harbouring secondary metabolites that can have direct effects on larvae (Steinberg & de Nys 2002, Gross 2003, Walters et al. 2003), benthic algae may chemically alter the settlement environment, for example by modifying the seawater pH (McConnaughey et al. 2000) or by altering…”