A state-of-the-art review on delayed ettringite attack on concrete

By M. Collepardi. 2003

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Alternative methodology to consider damage and expansions in external sulfate attack modeling (2014, neutral): “Traditionally, due to the high level of complexity of the external sulfate attack, where transport, chemical and physical processes between sulfate ions and the hydrated compounds of the cement paste are involved [9,10], unilateral efforts have been made into different specific fields to model a spe”
Effects of sulfates on the hydration of Portland cement – A review (2021, background): “Delayed ettringite formation causes expansion and cracking, increasing the porosity and permeability, facilitating the entry of aggressive agents as CO 2 and chlorides, and reducing the lifetime of concrete structures [157,162,163].”
Chemo-mechanical modelling of the external sulfate attack in concrete (2017, background): “sodium sulfate through reactions with the portlandite CH or the gel C−S−H leading to the formation of gypsum CSH2 ([21], [4], [5], [15]).”
Current knowledge of external sulfate attack (2015, background): “Although sulfates already present in cement, often as gypsum to prevent flash set, may, depending on curing conditions, cause damage in the form of expansion and cracking in the form of delayed ettringite formation (Collepardi, 2003; Taylor et al., 2001), this is not the focus of this review.”