Measuring the International Mobility of Skilled Workers (1990-2000): Release 1.0

By Frédéric Docquier, Abdeslam Marfouk. 2004

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Until recently, there has been no systematic empirical assessment of the economic impact of the brain drain. Despite many case studies and anecdotal evidence, the main reason for this seems to be the lack of harmonized international data on migration by country of origin and education level. An exception is the paper by Carrington and Detragiache (1998), which provided skilled migration rates for 61 developing countries in 1990. This study relies on a set of tentative assumptions. For example, they transpose the skill structure of U.S. immigrants on the OECD total immigration stock. In this paper, the authors provide new estimates of skilled workers' emigration rates for about 190 countries in 2000 and 170 countries in 1990, in both developing and industrial countries. Using various statistical sources, they revisit Carrington and Detragiache's measures by incorporating information on immigrants' educational attainment and country of origin from almost all OECD countries. The set of receiving countries is restricted to OECD nations. The authors' database covers 92.7 percent of the OECD immigration stock. In absolute terms, the authors show that the largest numbers of highly educated migrants are from Europe, Southern and Eastern Asia, and, to a lesser extent, from Central America. Nevertheless, as a proportion of the potential educated labor force, the highest brain drain rates are observed in the Caribbean, Central America, and Western and Eastern Africa. Repeating the exercise for 1990 and 2000 allows the authors to evaluate the changes in brain drain intensity. Western Africa, Eastern Africa, and Central America experienced a remarkable increase in the brain drain during the past decade. The database delivers information that is rich enough to assess the changes in the international distribution of migration rates, to test for the (push and pull) determinants per skill group, to evaluate the growth effects of migration on source and destination countries, and to estimate the relationships between migration, trade, foreign research and development, and remittances.

Subfields: Economics and Econometrics, Sociology and Political Science

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/aeb4b02ad3d4b4897a099292858f9f576ca67041

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Citations in the corpus

Migration Remittances and Development: A Review of Global Evidence (2006, background): “There is a growing body of literature which sheds some light on the microeconomic motives behind remittances (Stark, 1992; Brown, 1997; Poirine, 1997; Smith, 2003; Rapoport and Docquier, 2004, 2005; Russell, 1986, 1992; and Solimano, 2003, 2004).”
A Global Assessment of Human Capital Mobility: The Role of Non-OECD Destinations (2014, unknown): “Docquier and Marfouk (2004, 2006) and Dumont and Lemaı̂tre (2004) collect detailed census and register data on immigration from all the host countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (referred to as OECD henceforth).”
Immigrants, Productivity, and Labor Markets (2016, background): “Thus, migrants from non-rich countries were highly educated not just relative to other people in their countries of origin (Docquier and Marfouk 2004; Docquier et al. 2005, among others) but, usually, also relative to the country of destination (Docquier et al. 2012).”
Migration, Remittances, Poverty, and Human Capital: Conceptual and Empirical Challenges (2007, background): “…and Expatriates (OECD, 2005) containing detailed information on the foreign-born population for almost all member countries of the OECD, the Docquier and Marfouk (2004) as well as Beine, Docquier and Rapoport (2006) databases on migration by education (and age of entry) from developing…”