What Is the Middle Income Trap, Why do Countries Fall into It, and How Can It Be Avoided?

By Homi Kharas, H. Kohli. 2011

302 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Subfields: Economics and Econometrics, Political Science and International Relations

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ae0bd1c475ef42d99f0e77f8330e21b15f5fda54

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Citations in the corpus

Middle-Income Traps: A Conceptual and Empirical Survey (2015, background): “This line of inquiry leads directly to policy discussions of what needs to be done (Kharas and Kohli, 2011; Shijin et al, 2012; Xiaohe, 2012; Flaeen et al, 2013) to transition successfully from middle income status to high income status. Aiyar et al (2013) define the middle income trap as a special ”
Regional inequality in Europe: evidence, theory and policy implications (2019, unknown): “Successful low-income countries can enjoy high growth rates for a certain number of years, before experiencing a long-term slowdown (Kharas and Kohli, 2011; Eichengreen et al., 2013; Vivarelli, 2016).”
Improving Governance for the Post-2015 Sustainable Development Goals: Scenario Forecasting the Next 50 years (2015, background): “Secondly, some countries may get caught in a middle-income trap as the international comparative advantage of cheap labor disappears and there is a pressing need for difficult restructuring of their economies (Kharas & Kohli, 2011).”
Why regional development matters for Europe's economic future (2017, background): “Successful low-income countries can enjoy very high growth rates (often known as “miracles”) for a certain number of years, before experiencing a long-term slowdown (Kharas and Kohli, 2011; Eichengreen, Park and Shin, 2013; Foxley, 2016; Im et al., 2015; Vivarelli, 2016).”
What Remains of Cross-Country Convergence? (2018, background): “They note the coherence between these findings of three components and the recent literature discussing the “middle-income trap” which, as Kharas and Kohli (2011) discuss, is the name given to the phenomenon wherein many countries experience abrupt slowdowns following periods of rapid growth.”
Transitioning from low-income growth to high-income growth: is there a middle-income trap? (2014, unknown): “Additionally, returns to capital begin to fall as the gains from technological imitation and importing foreign technology decline (Ag enor and Canuto 2012; Kharas and Kohli 2011).”