Pressure is not a state function for generic active fluids
By Alexandre Solon, Y. Fily, A. Baskaran, M. E. Cates, Yariv Kafri, Mehran Kardar, J. Tailleur. Nature Physics, 2014
401 citations recorded by the source corpus.
Pressure is the mechanical force per unit area that a confined system exerts on its container. In thermal equilibrium, it depends only on bulk properties—such as density and temperature—through an equation of state. Here we show that in a wide class of active systems the pressure depends on the precise interactions between the active particles and the confining walls. In general, therefore, active fluids have no equation of state. Their mechanical pressure exhibits anomalous properties that defy the familiar thermodynamic reasoning that holds in equilibrium. The pressure remains a function of state, however, in some specific and well-studied active models that tacitly restrict the character of the particle–wall and/or particle–particle interactions. The pressure that a fluid of self-propelled particles exerts on its container is shown to depend on microscopic interactions between fluid and container, suggesting that there is no equation of state for mechanical pressure in generic active systems.
Subfields: Condensed Matter Physics, Physiology, Statistical and Nonlinear Physics
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ade8743eca633612f400d4089671a67573eb1b94
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Citations in the corpus
- Active Particles in Complex and Crowded Environments (2016, background): “…a phase transition 23 as a function of increasing particle density from undirected motion to a state where all the particles move in the same direction and bands of particles appear(Chaté et al., 2008b; Ginelli and Chaté, 2010; Grégoire and Chaté, 2004; Ramaswamy, 2010; Solon et al., 2015b).”
- The statistical physics of active matter: From self-catalytic colloids to living cells (2017, background): “A pressure equation of state has been constructed for ABPs [100], but it has also been shown that this is a special case and that in more general active systems where particles can exchange torques with each other or with the walls (because of their shape anisotropy or of explicit alignment interact”