Mental illness stigma: Concepts, consequences, and initiatives to reduce stigma

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Self‐stigma and the “why try” effect: impact on life goals and evidence‐based practices (2009, background): “The fact that most people have knowledge of a set of stereotypes does not imply that they agree with them (5,7).”
Perceived stigma and self-stigma of problem gambling: perspectives of people with gambling problems (2016, background): “Public stigma is therefore a social process that distinguishes between those considered ‘normal’ and those who are not (Rusch et al., 2005).”
Defining and operationalizing the phenomena of recovery: a working definition from the recovery science research collaborative (2019, background): “Finally, stigma is a central aspect of behavioral health considerations and as such may be factored into any measurement of recovery processes (R€usch et al. 2005).”
EDUCATION AND MENTAL HEALTH STIGMA: THE EFFECTS OF ATTRIBUTION, BIASED ASSIMILATION, AND ATTITUDE POLARIZATION (2008, background): “Mental illness stigma can include beliefs that individuals with mental illness are weak or dangerous, emotional reactions such as fear and anger, and behaviors such as avoidance and withholding help (Corrigan & Penn, 1999; Rüsch et al., 2005).”