Do herbivores exert top-down effects in Neotropical savannas? Estimates of biomass consumption by leaf-cutter ants

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The Multiple Impacts of Leaf‐Cutting Ants and Their Novel Ecological Role in Human‐Modified Neotropical Forests (2014, background): “At the community level (or at the spatial scale of their foraging area), LCA have been shown to remove 8–15 percent of the available leaf area of Neotropical forests (Wirth et al. 2003, Urbas et al. 2007) and 13–17 percent of the Cerrado savanna (Costa et al. 2008).”
The lanky and the corky: fire‐escape strategies in savanna woody species (2013, background): “2) and lower abundance of large mammals in South American savannas (Marquis, Diniz & Morais 2001; Costa et al. 2008; Lehmann et al. 2011) enable C4 grasses and shrubs to quickly accumulate.”
Seed predators limit plant recruitment in Neotropical savannas (2011, unknown): “Coupled with recent studies documenting their consumption of plant biomass (Costa et al. 2008) and role as seed dispersers (Christianini et al. 2007, Christianini and Oliveira 2009), as well as the eﬀ ects of ﬁ re, soil fertility, phylogeny (Hoﬀ mann and Franco 2003), and the vestigial inﬂ uence of…”