Outcomes of individual counseling and psychotherapy: Empirical evidence addressing two fundamental questions.

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Where oh where are the specific ingredients? A meta-analysis of component studies in counseling and psychotherapy. (2001, background): “However, the outcome research conclusively has shown that all treatments produce approximately equal benefits generally (Wampold, 2000; 2001; Wampold et al., 1997) as well as in particular areas, such as depression (e.”
Principles of Empirically Supported Interventions in Counseling Psychology (2002, background): “It is not uncommon to find that most interventions that are based on psychological or educational principles are effective and that differences among them are minimal, as is the case with psychotherapy (Wampold, 2000, 2001; Wampold et al., 1997).”
Online Counseling (2005, background): “This could be problematic as the therapeutic alliance is one of the critical factors related to counseling’s efficacy (Gaston, Piper, Debbane, Bienvenu, & Garant, 1994; Gelso & Carter, 1994; Hartley & Strupp, 1983; Horvath & Luborsky, 1993; Krupnick et al., 1996; Robbins, 1992; Wampold, 2000), and i”