The emerging role for bacteria in lignin degradation and bio-product formation.

By T. Bugg, Mark Ahmad, E. Hardiman, Rahul Singh. Current Opinion in Biotechnology, 2011

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Ecoenzymatic Stoichiometry and Ecological Theory (2012, background): “The degradation of lignin and humus is mediated by an array of oxidases, peroxidases, dehydrogenases, and supporting enzymes that vary widely among taxa (Rabinovich et al. 2004, Baldrian 2006, Sinsabaugh 2010, Theuerl & Buscot 2010, Bugg et al. 2011, Strong & Claus 2011).”
Characterization and genomic analysis of kraft lignin biodegradation by the beta-proteobacterium Cupriavidus basilensis B-8 (2013, background): “It is a complex aromatic heteropolymer comprised of phenylpropanoid aryl-C3 units linked via a variety of ether and carbon-carbon linkages, and it is recalcitrant to microbial degradation [5].”
Lignin degradation: microorganisms, enzymes involved, genomes analysis and evolution (2017, background): “Until recently, the enzymes responsible for degradation of lignin in prokaryotes were poorly understood (Bugg et al. 2011b; Tian et al. 2014), but peroxidases from the DyP family have been shown to be active in lignin degradation.”
Expansion of the enzymatic repertoire of the CAZy database to integrate auxiliary redox enzymes (2013, neutral): “Indeed, there are a number of literature reports of soil bacteria or aromatic-degrading bacteria from the digestive microbiota of animals that are able to depolymerise lignin (e.g. Nocardia, Rhodococcus, Sphingobium; Streptomyces) [74-76].”