Solar Surface Magnetism and Irradiance on Time Scales from Days to the 11-Year Cycle
By V. Domingo, I. Ermolli, P. Fox, C. Fröhlich, M. Haberreiter, N. Krivova, Greg Kopp, W. Schmutz, S. Solanki, H. Spruit and 2 more. 2009
134 citations recorded by the source corpus.
The uninterrupted measurement of the total solar irradiance during the last three solar cycles and an increasing amount of solar spectral irradiance measurements as well as solar imaging observations (magnetograms and photometric data) have stimulated the development of models attributing irradiance variations to solar surface magnetism. Here we review the current status of solar irradiance measurements and modelling efforts based on solar photospheric magnetic fields. Thereby we restrict ourselves to the study of solar variations from days to the solar cycle. Phenomenological models of the solar atmosphere in combination with imaging observations of solar electromagnetic radiation and measurements of the photospheric magnetic field have reached high enough quality to show that a large fraction (at least, about 80%) of the solar irradiance variability can be explained by the radiative effects of the magnetic activity present in the photosphere. Also, significant progress has been made with magnetohydrodynamic simulations of convection that allow us to relate the radiance of the photospheric magnetic structures to the observations.
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Citations in the corpus
- Solar change and climate: an update in the light of the current exceptional solar minimum (2010, background): “…modelling of the net effect of all surface magnetic features, as seen in magnetograph data, explains at least 80 per cent of the observed TSI variation with only one free fit parameter, the pixel filling factor of faculae (see recent reviews by Krivova & Solanki 2008; Domingo et al. 2009).”
- The Maunder minimum (1645–1715) was indeed a grand minimum: A reassessment of multiple datasets (2015, background): “…longer than about a day are driven by changes in the solar surface coverage by magnetic features, such as sunspots that lead to a darkening of the solar disc, and faculae or network elements that lead to a brightening (see, e.g., Domingo et al. 2009; Solanki et al. 2013, and references therein).”
- A new approach to the long-term reconstruction of the solar irradiance leads to large historical solar forcing (2011, background): “Measurements of the Spectral Solar Irradiance (SSI) are even more difficult and instrumental problems prevent the construction of essential composites (Krivova et al. 2011; Domingo et al. 2009).”
- Reconstruction of total and spectral solar irradiance from 1974 to 2013 based on KPVT, SoHO/MDI and SDO/HMI observations (2014, background): “…that ascribe variations in solar irradiance to the evolution of magnetic concentrations in the photosphere (which influences the temperature structure and therefore radiant behaviour of the solar surface and atmosphere, Spruit & Roberts 1983) have been particularly successful (Domingo et al. 2009).”
- Recent variability of the solar spectral irradiance and its impact on climate modelling (2012, methodology): “Earlier results obtained with both a regression method and a semi-empirical model were presented by, e.g. Penza et al. (2003, 2006), Domingo et al. (2009) and Ermolli et al. (2011).”
- Solar Irradiance Variability and Climate (2013, methodology): “More details on proxy models can be found in reviews by Fröhlich & Lean (2004) and Domingo et al. (2009).”