Structural MRI of Pediatric Brain Development: What Have We Learned and Where Are We Going?

By Jay N. Giedd, Judith L. Rapoport. Neuron, 2010

836 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allows unprecedented access to the anatomy and physiology of the developing brain without the use of ionizing radiation. Over the past two decades, thousands of brain MRI scans from healthy youth and those with neuropsychiatric illness have been acquired and analyzed with respect to diagnosis, sex, genetics, and/or psychological variables such as IQ. Initial reports comparing size differences of various brain components averaged across large age spans have given rise to longitudinal studies examining trajectories of development over time and evaluations of neural circuitry as opposed to structures in isolation. Although MRI is still not of routine diagnostic utility for evaluation of pediatric neuropsychiatric disorders, patterns of typical versus atypical development have emerged that may elucidate pathologic mechanisms and suggest targets for intervention. In this review we summarize general contributions of structural MRI to our understanding of neurodevelopment in health and illness.

Subfields: Clinical Biochemistry, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ac2a12365173035af51c4d85e9c9c32e37b00845

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Citations in the corpus

The early development of brain white matter: a review of imaging studies in fetuses, newborns and infants. (2014, background): “Of course, WM changes are not completed by 2 years of age, but are protracted in some brain regions until the end of adolescence; however it is beyond the scope of the current article to review all existing studies based on structural MRI (Paus et al., 1999, 2001; Paus, 2005, 2010; Giedd and Rapopor”
Imaging brain development: The adolescent brain (2012, background): “There is already a large and rapidly expanding literature on brain development in developmental disorders and psychiatric conditions, and some of these are large-scale and longitudinal (e.g. Giedd and Rapoport, 2010; Shaw et al., 2010 ).”
The Development of Brain White Matter Microstructure (2018, background): “For more detailed reviews of macrostructural changes, please see (Giedd and Rapoport, 2010; Vijayakumar et al., 2017).”
Unique developmental trajectories of cortical thickness and surface area (2014, background): “…developmental trajectories: whereas white matter increases monotonously until early adulthood, gray matter volume follows an inverted U-shaped trajectory, peaking in late childhood (Giedd and Rapoport, 2010; Lenroot et al., 2007; Reiss et al., 1996; Sowell et al., 1999; 2002; Wilke et al., 2007).”
Trajectories of cortical thickness maturation in normal brain development – The importance of quality control procedures (2015, positive): “, the age (Giedd and Rapoport, 2010) by sex interaction was tested in an area if the best fit model was quadratic).”
How Does Your Cortex Grow? (2011, neutral): “, 1999) and, in this context, CV variation at any one point in time is often a poorer marker of brain maturation, sexual dimorphism, and pathology than variation in how CV changes over time (Giedd and Rapoport, 2010).”
Investigating White Matter Development in Infancy and Early Childhood using Myelin Water Faction and Relaxation Time Mapping (2012, background): “…‘density’, cortical thickness, diffusion anisotropy, or relaxation time) with measures of functional or behavioral performance (Bava et al., 2011; Giedd and Rapoport, 2010; Giedd et al., 1996; Giorgio et al., 2008; Paus et al., 1999; Raznahan et al., 2011; Shaw et al., 2006; Sowell et al.,…”
Development of the social brain during adolescence (2015, background): “…article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). been divided between structural MRI, which investigates anatomical changes in the brain (Giedd & Rapoport, 2010) and functional MRI, which investigates changes in neuronal activity via changes in blood flow.”
Middle Childhood: An Evolutionary‐Developmental Synthesis (2014, background): “By age 6, the brain has almost reached its maximum size and receives a decreasing share of the body’s glucose after the consumption peak of early childhood (Figure 1; Giedd & Rapoport, 2010; Kuzawa et al., 2014).”
The NKI-Rockland Sample: A Model for Accelerating the Pace of Discovery Science in Psychiatry (2012, methodology): “Keywords: fMRI, DTI, lifespan, brain, phenotype, psychiatry, discovery, open science”
Genetics and Intelligence Differences: Five Special Findings (2014, neutral): “We suggest that part of the reason for this neglect is that these fields generally ignore individual differences 66, 67 .”