Nutritional stress due to habitat loss may explain recent honeybee colony collapses.

By D. Naug. 2009

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Gut microbiome dysbiosis and honeybee health (2011, background): “…(i) environmental stress, such as unsuitable weather conditions, lack of forage (nectar and pollen) and the use of insecticides in agriculture (Naug 2009); (ii) biotic stresses, including infection by parasites (Varroa destructor, Acarapis woodi, Tropilaelaps spp.), microsporidia (Nosema…”
Does infection by Nosema ceranae cause “Colony Collapse Disorder” in honey bees (Apis mellifera)? (2010, background): “These effects of N. ceranae on the nutritional stress of individual worker bees may be exacerbated by a shortage of resources (pollen and nectar) (Naug, 2009), providing a mechanistic model for CCD that links an EID with habitat loss.”
Pollen nutrition affects honey bee stress resistance (2012, background): “Naug (2009) tested the hypothesis that nutritional stress due to habitat loss may have played a role in the CCD.”
Surveys as a tool to record winter losses of honey bee colonies: a two year case study in Austria and South Tyrol (2010, background): “Much more has been published regarding the potential reasons for colony losses (Cox-Foster et al., 2007; Higes et al., 2008; Pajuelo et al., 2008; Naug, 2009; Johnson et al., 2009; vanEngelsdorp et al., 2009).”