Increasing the costs of conspecific scanning in socially foraging starlings affects vigilance and foraging behaviour

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The relation between social rank, neophobia and individual learning in starlings (2006, unknown): “Under natural circumstances, starlings probe the soil for invertebrates ( Feare 1984 ) and mealworms represent a highly desirable food source.”
Predator detection and avoidance by starlings under differing scenarios of predation risk (2006, background): “head down, although the quality of that information may be reduced (Fernández-Juricic et al., 2005).”
Group-size and distance-to-neighbour effects on feeding and vigilance in brown-headed cowbirds (2007, background): “focal subjects foraging alone) because, in preliminary trials, cowbirds showed behaviours that suggested high stress levels (e.g. no foraging attempts, high proportion of time scanning while hanging from the enclosure walls, high rates of flying within the enclosure, etc.; Fernández-Juricic et al. 2”
The origin and spread of innovations in starlings (2008, background): “…of foraging innovations in starlings; others have shown that starlings monitor conspecific behaviour while foraging (Templeton & Giraldeau 1996; Fernández-Juricic et al. 2005) and learn novel extractive foraging tasks from conspecifics in the laboratory (Templeton 1998; Campbell et al. 1999;…”