The size of wild honeybee populations (Apis mellifera) and its implications for the conservation of honeybees

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Declines of managed honey bees and beekeepers in Europe (2010, background): “Furthermore, wild or feral honey bee colonies are also declining in the USA and in Europe (Kraus and Page, 1995; Moritz et al., 2007; Jaffé et al., 2009) most probably due to V. destructor, leaving behind only those colonies kept by beekeepers.”
Biology and control of Varroa destructor. (2010, background): “Under temperate conditions, these feral populations seem to be significantly smaller than in tropical countries (Moritz et al., 2007) so that natural selection probably is counteracted by the huge numbers of drones and swarms from managed colonies.”
Economic and ecological implications of geographic bias in pollinator ecology in the light of pollinator declines (2014, background): “For example, while high levels of urbanisation (Antrop 2004) and agricultural intensifi cation (Stoate et al. 2001) in Europe mean that there is little natural habitat, Africa presents a very diff erent situation (Moritz et al. 2007).”
Conserving diversity and vitality for honey bee breeding (2010, background): “For instance, when tested for genetic diversity parameters, honey bees from managed populations in Europe had lower values in comparison to wild African populations (Moritz et al., 2007; Jaffé et al., 2009).”