Astrobiology: The Study of the Living Universe

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Water and astrobiology (2007, background): “Possible sources for supplying an environmental chemical disequilibrium on Europa include charged-particle radiation (Chyba and Phillips, 2001; Chyba and Hand, 2005) or possible hydrothermal activity (McCollom, 1999), though biomass that could be supported would be low (see also Lipps and Rieboldt, ”
Varieties of Living Things: Life at the Intersection of Lineage and Metabolism (2009, background): “Animal characteristics often dominate these criteria, which are then modified to include plants, fungi and unicellular organisms but to exclude entities such as fire and crystals (Chyba and Hand 2005).”
How to Characterize Habitable Worlds and Signs of Life (2017, background): “…on the assumption that extraterrestrial life shares fundamental characteristics with life on Earth in that it requires liquid water as a solvent and has a carbon-based chemistry (for a wider range of possibilities, see, e.g., Bains 2004, Chyba & Hand 2005, Baross et al. 2007, Brack et al. 2010).”