Development of antifouling reverse osmosis membranes for water treatment: A review.

By Guodong Kang, Yi-Ming Cao. Water Research, 2012

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Marine Biofilms: A Successful Microbial Strategy With Economic Implications (2018, methodology): “To improve the efficiency of the reverse osmosis process, pretreatments, new modules and antifouling membranes have been developed (Kang and Cao, 2012).”
Surface coating on the polyamide TFC RO membrane for chlorine resistance and antifouling performance improvement (2014, background): “Therefore, various hydrophilic polymers containing hydroxy, carbonyl or ethylene oxide groups have been coated or grafted on the membrane surface towards antifouling RO membranes [4].”
Improving the fouling resistance of brackish water membranes via surface modification with graphene oxide functionalized chitosan (2015, neutral): “Severalmethods have been suggested recently to improve fouling resistance of RO membranes, comprising the utilization of new monomers, development of fabrication methodology and ROmembrane surfacemodification through chemical and physical methods [13].”
Current Trends and Future Developments on (Bio-) Membranes (2020, background): “The details of RO system can be found in other works such as Malaeb and Ayoub (2011), Lee et al. (2011), Kang and Cao (2012).”