Coatings and their enhancement of black carbon light absorption in the tropical atmosphere

By Joshua P. Schwarz, J. Spackman, D. Fahey, R. Gao, Ulrike Lohmann, P. Stier, L. Watts, D. Thomson, D. Lack, L. Pfister and 4 more. 2008

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Exploiting simultaneous observational constraints on mass and absorption to estimate the global direct radiative forcing of black carbon and brown carbon (2014, methodology): “Black carbon mass concentrations were measured aboard the NSF/NCAR Gulfstream V research aircraft with a single particle soot photometer (SP2, Schwarz et al., 2008a).”
Aircraft Instrument for Comprehensive Characterization of Aerosol Optical Properties, Part 2: Black and Brown Carbon Absorption and Absorption Enhancement Measured with Photo Acoustic Spectroscopy (2012, background): “More recently, measurements of BC through laser-induced incandescence have provided powerful insight into the distribution of BC from local to global scales (Schwarz et al. 2010) and on the potential for BC particles to be coated (Schwarz et al. 2008b).”
Climate, Health, Agricultural and Economic Impacts of Tighter Vehicle-Emission Standards (2011, background): “Aerosols are externally mixed, but we include a 50p increase in absorption by black carbon to account for internal mixing with other aerosol”
Aerosol light absorption and its measurement: A review (2009, background): “, OC) mixed with the refractory BC [339–341].”
Amplification of Light Absorption of Black Carbon by Organic Coating (2010, background): “Aircraft measurements indicated that coatings enhance light absorption in the ambient BC column by at least 30% in the free troposphere ( Schwarz et al. 2008b ).”