Durability of concrete incorporating non-ground blast furnace slag and bottom ash as fine aggregate

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Value added utilization of by-product electric furnace ferronickel slag as construction materials: A review (2018, methodology): “On the other hand, the application of bottom ash as a partial replacement of sand reduces the strength properties of concrete due to the low density of the bottom ash than sand; however, it improves the fresh properties and the durability properties including permeability, wettingdrying cycles and f”
Compressive strength, abrasion resistance and energy absorption capacity of rubberized concretes with and without slag (2011, background): “Previous studies [28] indicate that abrasion resistance is related to porosity and the contact area of the test specimens with the abrasive rotating disc.”
Sustainable use of industrial-waste as partial replacement of fine aggregate for preparation of concrete – A review (2016, methodology): “0 20 40 60 80 100 0.01 0.1 1 10 % P AS SI N G T H R O U G H PARTICLE DIAMETERS Copper Slag (Sankh et al.,2014 ) WFS (Khatib et al.,2013) Steel Slag (Qasrawi et al., 2009) POC (Abdullahi et al.,2010) ISF Slag (Morrison et al.,2003) GBF Slag (Bilir,2012) Bottom Ash (Bilir,2012) Z-II (Lower) Z-II (Uppe”
Microstructure and properties of concrete using bottom ash and waste foundry sand as partial replacement of fine aggregates (2014, background): “Some authors have reported the use of bottom ash in concrete as partial replacement of portland cement [1–3] or as a partial replacement of fine aggregates [4–9].”