Birkeland current system key parameters derived from Iridium observations: Method and initial validation results

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Development of large‐scale Birkeland currents determined from the Active Magnetosphere and Planetary Electrodynamics Response Experiment (2014, background): “AMPERE provides global, continuous sampling of the magnetic field perturbations at low Earth orbit from the Iridium Communications constellation of 70 near-polar orbiting satellites [Anderson et al., 2000, 2002; Waters et al., 2001].”
The Upgraded CARISMA Magnetometer Array in the THEMIS Era (2008, background): “…storms (Horne and Thorne 1993; Kozyra et al. 1997; Jordanova et al. 2001), but in the outer magnetosphere have an occurrence rate which increases with L towards the magnetopause and are present even during very quiet geomagnetic conditions (see Anderson et al. 2002; Engebretson et al. 2002).”
Overview of Solar Wind–Magnetosphere–Ionosphere–Atmosphere Coupling and the Generation of Magnetospheric Currents (2017, methodology): “…density in the northern and southern polar regions at a 10 min cadence, fitting a spherical harmonic expansion to the horizontal magnetic perturbations measured by the 66 spacecraft of the Iridium® telecommunications constellation (Anderson et al. 2000, 2002; Waters et al. 2001; Green et al. 2006).”