How to Manage the Blue Orchard Bee as an Orchard Pollinator

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Predicted fates of ground-nesting bees in soil heated by wildfire: Thermal tolerances of life stages and a survey of nesting depths (2011, background): “Both species are readily available and have familiar life history parameters (Bosch and Kemp, 2001; Pitts-Singer and Cane, 2011).”
Effect of Wintering Duration and Temperature on Survival and Emergence Time in Males of the Orchard Pollinator Osmia lignaria (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) (2003, background): “Osmia lignaria populations reared artiÞcially (at controlled temperatures) are routinely exposed to temperatures 22 C during development (spring-summer), followed by cooling at 3Ð5 C during wintering (Torchio 1985, Bosch and Kemp 2001).”
Effect of pre-wintering and wintering temperature regimes on weight loss, survival, and emergence time in the mason bee Osmia cornuta (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) (2004, background): “Recent studies on O. lignaria have detected apparent fat body depletion in bees pre-wintered for excessively long periods (Bosch et al., 2000; Bosch and Kemp, 2001).”
Wild bee species increase tomato production and respond differently to surrounding land use in Northern California (2006, background): “To maintain agricultural pollination services for the future, attention must be given to a variety of strategies including both native ecosystem conservation and on-farm management (e.g. providing nest sites) for wild and managed native bees (Bosch and Kemp, 2001).”