Bose-Einstein condensation of chromium.

By A. Griesmaier, J. Werner, S. Hensler, J. Stuhler, Tilman Pfau. Physical Review Letters, 2005

820 citations recorded by the source corpus.

We report on the generation of a Bose-Einstein condensate in a gas of chromium atoms, which have an exceptionally large magnetic dipole moment and therefore underlie anisotropic long-range interactions. The preparation of the chromium condensate requires novel cooling strategies that are adapted to its special electronic and magnetic properties. The final step to reach quantum degeneracy is forced evaporative cooling of 52Cr atoms within a crossed optical dipole trap. At a critical temperature of T(c) approximately 700 nK, we observe Bose-Einstein condensation by the appearance of a two-component velocity distribution. We are able to produce almost pure condensates with more than 50,000 condensed 52Cr atoms.

Subfields: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a91582cd2eecf90e8f020141cde6d6c9f6b63f3d

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In Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics

1. Boris A. Malomed
2. A. Fetter
3. Yongyong Cai
4. Marcos Rigol
5. L. Torner
6. Y. Kartashov
7. C. Chin
8. R. Grimm

Citations in the corpus

• Theoretical progress in many-body physics with ultracold dipolar gases (2008, background): “Recent successful realization and studies of Bose–Einstein condensation of 52Cr atoms [1–7] and progress in trapping and cooling of polar molecules [8–19] stimulated great interest in the properties of dipolar systems at low temperatures.”
• Rotating trapped Bose-Einstein condensates (2008, background): “Such fields lead to the simpler interaction potential [see, for example, the review by Menotti and Lewenstein (2007) and the experimental studies of 52Cr (Griesmaier et al., 2005; Koch et al., 2007; Lahaye et al., 2007)] Vdd(r − r′) = d2 |r − r′”
• Mathematical Models and Numerical Methods for Bose-Einstein Condensation (2012, methodology): “In 2005, the first dipolar BEC with 52Cr atoms was successfully realized in experiments at the Stuttgart University [107].”
• One dimensional bosons: From condensed matter systems to ultracold gases (2011, background): “Such interaction is relevant for systems of dipolar ultracold atoms (Griesmaier et al., 2005) or bosonic molecules.”
• Rapidly rotating atomic gases (2008, background): “2 θ r3 (46) where θis the angle between the dipole moment and the line separating the atoms, see Fig. 3. A BEC of atoms with significant dipolar interactions has been realized by condensing chromium-52[59], which is an atom with a very large magnetic dipole moment, µ= 6µB, such that Cd = µ 0µ 2 4π . ”
• Stabilization of a purely dipolar quantum gas against collapse (2007, methodology): “Our measurements are performed with a BEC of (52)Cr [15] which is to date the only experimentally accessible quantum gas with observable dipole-dipole interaction [16, 17].”
• Feshbach resonances in ultracold gases (2008, background): “In 2005 (Griesmaier et al., 2005) announced BEC of (52)Cr atoms.”
• Solitons in nonlinear lattices (2010, background): “Among other experimental achievements reported in the vast area of BEC, a notable result is the creation of BEC in the gas of 52 atoms (Griesmaier et al., 2005).”