A fluorescence-based method for determining the surface coverage and hybridization efficiency of thiol-capped oligonucleotides bound to gold thin films and nanoparticles.

By L. Demers, Chad A. Mirkin, R. C. Mucic, Robert A. Reynolds, R. Letsinger, R. Elghanian, G. Viswanadham. Analytical Chemistry, 2000

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A Fully Electronic Label-Free DNA Sensor Chip (2007, result): “Results of optical detection of our unknown samples compared with the calibration curve show that the density of our probes layer is about 10 molecules cm , a value close to that reported in the literature [ 28 ].”
The effect of surface probe density on DNA hybridization. (2001, methodology): “For example, Demers et al. ( 7 ) used a fluorescence-based measurement to detect probe coverage and target hybridization on planar gold.”
A molecular ruler based on plasmon coupling of single gold and silver nanoparticles (2005, result): “This is consistent with previous observations of relatively inefficient hybridization of nanoparticle-bound oligomer”
Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles for Applications in Bionanotechnology (2005, background): “…phosphines (Franzen et al. 2002), oligonucleotides/DNA (Storhoff et al. 1998, 1999, 2000; Wang et al. 2002; Park et al. 2002; Taton et al. 2000; Demers et al. 2000; Elghanian et al. 1997; Mirkin 2000a), amines (Gomez et al. 2000), proteins (Hayat 1989; Tkachenko et al. 2003; Xie et al. 2003),…”