Improving Conventional Enhanced Permeability and Retention (EPR) Effects; What Is the Appropriate Target?
By Hisataka Kobayashi, R. Watanabe, Peter L. Choyke. Theranostics, 2013
915 citations recorded by the source corpus.
Nano-sized therapeutic agents have several advantages over low molecular weight agents such as a larger loading capacity, the ability to protect the payload until delivery, more specific targeting due to multivalency and the opportunity for controlled/sustained release. However, the delivery of nano-sized agents into cancer tissue is problematic because it mostly relies on the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect that depends on the leaky nature of the tumor vasculature and the prolonged circulation of nano-sized agents, allowing slow but uneven accumulation in the tumor bed. Delivery of nano-sized agents is dependent on several factors that influence the EPR effect; 1. Regional blood flow to the tumor, 2. Permeability of the tumor vasculature, 3. Structural barriers imposed by perivascular tumor cells and extracellular matrix, 4. Intratumoral pressure. In this review, these factors will be described and methods to enhance nano-agent delivery will be reviewed.
Subfields: Biomaterials, Electrical and Electronic Engineering
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a87429a0c5547259075187c4d7fbd80c69fe8ee4
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In Biomaterials
Citations in the corpus
- An overview of active and passive targeting strategies to improve the nanocarriers efficiency to tumour sites (2019, background): “Some of these nanocarriers, such as the marketed Doxil© and Caelyx©, are now successfully used in clinics and EPR effect became a golden standard in the design of passive tumour-targeted systems.([14]) However, EPR effect provides rather modest tumour specificity with 20–30% in delivery increase com”