An overview on heat transfer augmentation using vortex generators and nanofluids: Approaches and applications

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Numerical study of liquid flow and heat transfer in rectangular microchannel with longitudinal vortex generators (2015, unknown): “Generated vortices by VGs can effectively disturb the flow boundary-layer, distort the temperature field in channel, form secondary flow and transporting central flow next to the wall and vice versa [12].”
Combination of nanofluid and inserts for heat transfer enhancement (2018, methodology): “[23] reviewed activities performed on heat transfer improvement by employing nanofluid or vortex generator.”
Heat transfer and entropy generation in a microchannel with longitudinal vortex generators using Nanofluids (2016, unknown): “VGs can be employed in different forms, including fins, wings, ribs, winglets and protrusions [39].”
A review on hybrid nanofluids: Recent research, development and applications (2015, unknown): “[2–3,12–64]).”
Influence of T-semi attached rib on turbulent flow and heat transfer parameters of a silver-water nanofluid with different volume fractions in a three-dimensional trapezoidal microchannel (2017, methodology): “Some of the methods are the use of suspensions instead of working fluid in heat transfer equipment [1], use of the finned surfaces to raise the heat transfer surfaces [2] and use of the rough surfaces to mix up laminar sublayer in boundary layer of the turbulent flow [3].”