Constraints on the Equation of State of Dark Energy and the Hubble Constant from Stellar Ages and the Cosmic Microwave Background

By Raul Jimenez, L. Verde, T. Treu, Daniel Stern. 2003

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We place constraints on the redshift-averaged, effective value of the equation of state of dark energy, w, using only the absolute ages of Galactic stars and the observed position of the first peak in the angular power spectrum of the cosmic microwave background (CMB). We find w < -0.8 at the 68% confidence level. If we further consider that w ≥ -1, this finding suggests that within our uncertainties, dark energy is indistinguishable from a classical vacuum energy term. We detect a correlation between the ages of the oldest galaxies and their redshift. This opens up the possibility of measuring w(z) by computing the relative ages of the oldest galaxies in the universe as a function of redshift, dz/dt. We show that this is a realistic possibility by computing dz/dt at z ~ 0 from Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) galaxies and obtain an independent estimate for the Hubble constant, H0 = 69 ± 12 km s-1 Mpc-1. The small number of galaxies considered at z > 0.2 does not yield, currently, a precise determination of w(z), but shows that the age-redshift relation is consistent with a standard ΛCDM universe with w = -1.

Subfields: Astronomy and Astrophysics, Instrumentation

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a7a37ebfb4cfd9576447f08d2e675d8b0432c30e

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Citations in the corpus

Four new observational H(z) data from luminous red galaxies in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey data release seven (2012, methodology): “There are already 21 OHD points got from both differential age method (Jimenez et al., 2003; Simon et al., 2005; Stern et al., 2010; Moresco et al., 2012) and baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) method (Gaztañaga et al., 2009) .”
HUBBLE PARAMETER MEASUREMENT CONSTRAINTS ON THE COSMOLOGICAL DECELERATION–ACCELERATION TRANSITION REDSHIFT (2013, methodology): “…on the three cosmological models we consider here.4 Of interest to us here are measurements of the Hubble parameter as a function of redshift (e.g., Jimenez et al. 2003; Samushia & Ratra 2006; Samushia et al. 2007; Sen & Scherrer 2008; Chen & Ratra 2011b; Duan et al. 2011; Aviles et al. 2012;…”
Age-dating luminous red galaxies observed with the Southern African Large Telescope (2016, background): “LRGs are found to have similar metallicities (higher than solar metallicity) and they should not evolve with redshift (Jimenez et al. 2003).”
WMAP constraints on low redshift evolution of dark energy (2004, methodology): “The results we obtain are consistent with similar analysis in other papers (Amendola & Quercellini 2003; Jimenez 2003; Jimenez et al. 2003; Padmanabhan & Choudhury 2003; Alam et al. 2004a,b; Bassett 2004; Bassett et al. 2004; Corasaniti et al. 2004; Choudhury & Padmanabhan 2004; Daly & Djorgovski…”
Neutron-Capture Elements in the Early Galaxy (2008, background): “…al. 2003); globular cluster results based upon main sequence turn-off ages (12.5+3.5−2.4 Gyr, Krauss & Chaboyer 2003; or 12.6+3.4−2.2 with the inclusion of CMB data, Jimenez et al. 2003); and a white dwarf cooling curve age of 12.1 ± 0.9 Gyr for globular cluster M4 (NGC 6121; Hansen et al. 2004).”
Possible signals of vacuum dynamics in the Universe (2017, methodology): “…et al. 2015; Aubourg et al. 2015), the values of the Hubble parameter extracted from cosmic chronometers at various redshifts, H(zi) (Zhang et al. 2014, Jiménez et al. 2003; Simon, Verde & Jiménez 2005; Moresco et al. 2012, 2016; Stern et al. 2010; Moresco 2015), the CMB data from Planck 2015…”
Observational probes of cosmic acceleration (2012, background): “…a decelerating universe was one of the significant early arguments for cosmic acceleration, and a number of authors have employed ages of high-redshift galaxies or clusters of galaxies as a constraint on dark energy models (e.g., Lima and Alcaniz 2000; Jimenez et al. 2003; Capozziello et al. 2004).”
Near-Ultraviolet Observations of HD 221170: New Insights into the Nature of r-Process-rich Stars (2006, result): “These ages are also in agreement with the main sequence turn-off ages of the oldest globular clusters (12.5+3.5−2.4 Gyr; Krauss & Chaboyer 2003; further refined to 12.6+3.4−2.2 Gyr with the inclusion of CMB data; Jimenez et al. 2003).”
Improved constraints on the expansion rate of the Universe up to z ∼ 1.1 from the spectroscopic evolution of cosmic chronometers (2012, methodology): “e of their D4000n amplitudes: ∆t = A(Z)∆D4000n, where A(Z) is a slope which depends on metallicity. The diﬀerential aging of cosmic chronometers has been used to measure the observed Hubble parameter [18, 19], to set constraints on the nature of dark energy [18–20], and most recently to provide two ”