Environmental enrichment and voluntary exercise massively increase neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus via dissociable pathways

By Andrea K Olson, B. Eadie, Carl Ernst, B. Christie. Hippocampus, 2006

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Maze training in mice induces MRI-detectable brain shape changes specific to the type of learning (2011, background): “All trained mice had an enlarged dentate gyrus when compared to controls; this change is possibly related to general effects of enrichment and exercise previously associated with the dentate gyrus (Van Praag et al., 1999; Brown et al., 2003; Olson et al., 2006 ).”
Reversible effect of X‐irradiation on proliferation, neurogenesis, and cell death in the dentate gyrus of adult mice (2007, unknown): “For example, survival of newborn cells in the dentate gyrus can be up-regulated by growth factors (Cheng et al., 2001), physical exercise, and environmental enrichment (Olson et al., 2006).”
Mechanisms and functional implications of adult neurogenesis. (2008, unknown): “Indeed, infusion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) promotes cell proliferation in the SVZ and SGZ, which can be blocked by a dominant-negative VEGF receptor 2 (Cao et al., 2004).”
Exercise as medicine – evidence for prescribing exercise as therapy in 26 different chronic diseases (2015, background): “Environmental enrichment and voluntary exercise have consistently been shown to increase adult hippocampal neurogenesis and improve spatial learning ability (Olson et al., 2006).”