The neural basis of empathy.

By Boris C. Bernhardt, Tania Singer. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 2012

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Empathy: a motivated account. (2014, background): “Yet many definitions share important features, including the idea that empathy is not unitary but rather encompasses multiple subcomponents (Bernhardt & Singer, 2012; Davis, 1994; Decety & Jackson, 2004; Hoffman, 2001; Preston & de Waal, 2002).”
Empathy: Gender effects in brain and behavior (2014, background): “…shown that mirroring is modulated by numerous contextual factors, such as social distance, status, trustworthiness, group membership, and attention (Bernhardt and Singer, 2012; Gu and Han, 2007; Guo et al., 2012; Hogeveen et al., 2014; Lamm et al., 2007; Liew et al., 2011; Loggia et al., 2008;…”
Mindfulness training and the cultivation of secure, satisfying couple relationships. (2013, positive): “Relying mainly on fMRI, the majority of studies suggest that empathy is dependent on experience sharing—the vicarious experiencing of another person’s emotion through activation of the same emotion in oneself (Bernhardt & Singer, 2012).”
Intracranial EEG signals disentangle multi-areal neural dynamics of vicarious pain perception (2024, background): “This ﬁ nding is consistent with the shared network hypothesis of empathy 16,17 that individuals empathize with others ’ pain by recruiting similar neural substrates underpinning ﬁ rst-hand pain experience.”