The Severity of behavioral changes observed during experimental exposures of killer (Orcinus orca), long-finned Pilot (Globicephala melas), and sperm (Physeter macrocephalus) whales to naval sonar

By P. Miller, P. Kvadsheim, F. Lam, P. Wensveen, R. Antunes, A. Alves, F. Visser, L. Kleivane, P. Tyack, L. D. Sivle. 2012

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A systematic review on the behavioural responses of wild marine mammals to noise: the disparity between science and policy (2016, methodology): “However, the patterns in the results were unaltered when we repeated the analysis using only RLSPL rms measurements (Section I - Analysis 1 in S3).”
A multivariate mixed hidden Markov model for blue whale behaviour and responses to sound exposure (2017, methodology): “A wealth of studies indicate differential responses to different sound types within the same species [for example, Miller et al. (2012), Goldbogen et al. (2013a), Nowacek, Johnson and Tyack (2004), and reviews Southall et al. (2007), DeRuiter (2010)], although in some cases sound frequency and type…”
Marine mammals and sonar: Dose‐response studies, the risk‐disturbance hypothesis and the role of exposure context (2018, methodology): “Outputs based on qualitative scoring reflect one interpretation of the experiment outcome (Miller et al., 2012), and although there is potential for bias (some behavioural changes scored as responses may not have been in response to the exposure), interobserver comparisons can mitigate this.”