Human Intestinal Lumen and Mucosa-Associated Microbiota in Patients with Colorectal Cancer

By Weiguang Chen, Fanlong Liu, Zongxin Ling, Xiaojuan Tong, C. Xiang. PLoS ONE, 2012

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Recent reports have suggested the involvement of gut microbiota in the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). We utilized pyrosequencing based analysis of 16S rRNA genes to determine the overall structure of microbiota in patients with colorectal cancer and healthy controls; we investigated microbiota of the intestinal lumen, the cancerous tissue and matched noncancerous normal tissue. Moreover, we investigated the mucosa-adherent microbial composition using rectal swab samples because the structure of the tissue-adherent bacterial community is potentially altered following bowel cleansing. Our findings indicated that the microbial structure of the intestinal lumen and cancerous tissue differed significantly. Phylotypes that enhance energy harvest from diets or perform metabolic exchange with the host were more abundant in the lumen. There were more abundant Firmicutes and less abundant Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria in lumen. The overall microbial structures of cancerous tissue and noncancerous tissue were similar; howerer the tumor microbiota exhibited lower diversity. The structures of the intestinal lumen microbiota and mucosa-adherent microbiota were different in CRC patients compared to matched microbiota in healthy individuals. Lactobacillales was enriched in cancerous tissue, whereas Faecalibacterium was reduced. In the mucosa-adherent microbiota, Bifidobacterium, Faecalibacterium, and Blautia were reduced in CRC patients, whereas Fusobacterium, Porphyromonas, Peptostreptococcus, and Mogibacterium were enriched. In the lumen, predominant phylotypes related to metabolic disorders or metabolic exchange with the host, Erysipelotrichaceae, Prevotellaceae, and Coriobacteriaceae were increased in cancer patients. Coupled with previous reports, these results suggest that the intestinal microbiota is associated with CRC risk and that intestinal lumen microflora potentially influence CRC risk via cometabolism or metabolic exchange with the host. However, mucosa-associated microbiota potentially affects CRC risk primarily through direct interaction with the host.

Subfields: Molecular Biology, Physiology

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a6a2744d757a536caa7e351240dde06c88e23e7d

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Intestinal Blautia is associated with reduced death from graft-versus-host disease (2015, background): “following ileal pouch-anal anastomosis [49], and liver cirrhosis [50], where Blautia was one of several subtypes of bacteria associated with improved outcomes.”
Stool Microbiome and Metabolome Differences between Colorectal Cancer Patients and Healthy Adults (2013, background): “intestinal lumen, and therefore, stool small molecules are considered to result from co-metabolism or metabolic exchange between microbes and host cells [13].”
Fap2 Mediates Fusobacterium nucleatum Colorectal Adenocarcinoma Enrichment by Binding to Tumor-Expressed Gal-GalNAc (2016, background): “Recent metagenomic and transcriptomic analyses have revealed an enrichment of Fusobacterium species in human CRCs and adenomas compared with adjacent normal tissue (Castellarin et al., 2012; Chen et al., 2012; Flanagan et al., 2014; Ito et al., 2015; Kostic et Cell Host Microbe.”
Fusobacterium nucleatum promotes colorectal carcinogenesis by modulating E-cadherin/β-catenin signaling via its FadA adhesin (2013, background): “Previous studies have shown that Fn is readily detected in the tissues, but not in the stools (Chen et al., 2012).”
Blautia—a new functional genus with potential probiotic properties? (2021, background): “A similar decrease in Blautia abundance has also been reported in the mucosal adherent microbiota of colorectal cancer patients.(117) In addition, the abundances of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and GUT MICROBES e1875796-13”