The Hybrid HVDC Breaker An innovation breakthrough enabling reliable HVDC grids

By M. Callavik, A. Blomberg, Jürgen Häfner, B. Jacobson. 2012

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Fault Current Interruption in Multiterminal HVDC Networks (2016, methodology): “A snubber capacitor of 85 F per IGBT is chosen to limit the rate of rise of the voltage to 300 s [36].”
Modular Multilevel Converters for HVDC Applications: Review on Converter Cells and Functionalities (2015, background): “Different dc and ac circuit breaker solutions have been proposed in order to prevent the converter feeding the short-circuit faults [119]–[121].”
A Review of Distributed Electric Propulsion Concepts for Air Vehicle Technology (2018, background): “Instead, solid-state [96, 97] and hybrid mechanical/solid-state [98] circuit breakers have been proposed for use in DEP power architectures, along with reactors and superconducting fault current limiters [94].”
Impact of HVDC Transmission System Topology on Multiterminal DC Network Faults (2015, background): “It is known that circa 5 ms is the maximum time VSC valves can withstand the maximum short-circuit current [32].”