INTERSTELLAR EXTINCTION LAW TOWARD THE GALACTIC CENTER III: J, H, KS BANDS IN THE 2MASS AND THE MKO SYSTEMS, AND 3.6, 4.5, 5.8, 8.0 μm IN THE SPITZER/IRAC SYSTEM

By Shogo Nishiyama, Motohide Tamura, H. Hatano, D. Kato, T. Tanabé, K. Sugitani, T. Nagata. 2009

274 citations recorded by the source corpus.

We have determined interstellar extinction law toward the Galactic center (GC) at the wavelength from 1.2 to 8.0 μm, using point sources detected in the IRSF/SIRIUS near-infrared (NIR) survey and those in the Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS) and Spitzer/IRAC/GLIMPSE II catalogs. The central region ∣l ∣ ≲3.°0 and ∣b ∣ ≲1.°0 has been surveyed in the J, H, and KS bands with the IRSF telescope and the SIRIUS camera whose filters are similar to the Mauna Kea Observatories (MKO) NIR photometric system. Combined with the GLIMPSE II point source catalog, we made KS versus KS − λ color–magnitude diagrams (CMDs) where λ=3.6, 4.5, 5.8, and 8.0 μm. The KS magnitudes of bulge red clump stars and the KS − λ colors of red giant branches are used as a tracer of the reddening vector in the CMDs. From these magnitudes and colors, we have obtained the ratios of total-to-selective extinction for the four IRAC bands. Combined with for the J and H bands derived by Nishiyama et al., we obtain AJ:AH::A[3.6]:A[4.5]:A[5.8]:A[8.0] = 3.02:1.73:1:0.50:0.39:0.36:0.43 for the line of sight toward the GC. This confirms the flattening of the extinction curve at λ ≳ 3 μm from a simple extrapolation of the power-law extinction at shorter wavelengths, in accordance with recent studies. The extinction law in the 2MASS J, H, and KS bands has also been calculated, and good agreement with that in the MKO system is found. Thus, it is established that the extinction in the wavelength range of J, H, and KS is well fitted by a power law of steep decrease Aλ ∝ λ−2.0 toward the GC. In nearby molecular clouds and diffuse interstellar medium, the lack of reliable measurements of the total-to-selective extinction ratios hampers unambiguous determination of the extinction law; however, observational results toward these lines of sight cannot be reconciled with a single extinction law.

Subfields: Astronomy and Astrophysics, Instrumentation

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a67f144668a7ccbbc961c9fc416678d5269da5b3

How researchers see this paper

The researchers whose trusted networks rank it highest, strongest advocate first. Every researcher gets a different order.

In Astronomy and Astrophysics

In Instrumentation

Citations in the corpus

Target Selection for the SDSS-IV APOGEE-2 Survey (2017, background): “These datasets have provided a wealth of both refinements to existing knowledge and new discoveries: for example, the properties of stellar substructure in the outskirts of the disk (with 2MASS; Rocha-Pinto et al. 2003), the existence of a long bar extending 2 kpc beyond the bulge (with GLIMPSE; Ben”
LINE DERIVED INFRARED EXTINCTION TOWARD THE GALACTIC CENTER (2011, methodology): “Zasowski et al. (2009); Jiang et al. (2003, 2006); Gao et al. (2009); Flaherty et al. (2007); Román-Zúñiga et al. (2007); Nishiyama et al. (2009) and Indebetouw et al. (2005) also detected a flattening of the extinction at MIR wavelengths towards different regions of the Galaxy.”
Reddening and metallicity maps of the Milky Way bulge from VVV and 2MASS II. The complete high resolution extinction map and implications for Galactic bulge studies (2012, methodology): “(3) The second is the extinction law from Nishiyama et al. (2009) AJ = 1.526E (J − Ks) , (4) AH = 0.855E (J − Ks) , (5) AKs = 0.528E (J − Ks) , (6) which was determined, for the 2MASS photometric system, in the inner regions of the GB closer to the Galactic plane.”
REDDENING AND EXTINCTION TOWARD THE GALACTIC BULGE FROM OGLE-III: THE INNER MILKY WAY'S RV ∼ 2.5 EXTINCTION CURVE (2012, methodology): “Nishiyama et al. (2009) used RC stars to measure A(λ) ∝ λ−2.00, a finding supported by Fritz et al. (2011), who used line-emission to study the extinction curve.”
SPITZER SAGE INFRARED PHOTOMETRY OF MASSIVE STARS IN THE LARGE MAGELLANIC CLOUD (2009, background): “The latter data sets extend to 24 μm and include the following: Castor & Simon (1983), Koornneef (1983), Abbott et al. (1984), Leitherer & Wolf (1984), Rieke et al. (1989), Wegner (1994), and Nishiyama et al. (2009).”
STELLAR POPULATIONS IN THE CENTRAL 0.5 pc OF THE GALAXY. II. THE INITIAL MASS FUNCTION (2013, methodology): “Then the synthetic spectra are reddened using the Galactic Center extinction law from Nishiyama et al. (2009) and convolved with transmission profiles for a typical Mauna Kea atmosphere and for the Kp filter in NIRC2.”
Peering through the veil: near-infrared photometry and extinction for the Galactic nuclear star cluster (2009, methodology): “This is significantly steeper than in earlier work (e.g. Rieke & Lebofsky 1985; Draine 1989), but agrees with recent studies of extinction toward the nuclear bulge (Nishiyama et al. 2009; Gosling et al. 2009) and other targets in the Galactic plane (Stead & Hoare 2009).”
THE CALIBRATION OF MONOCHROMATIC FAR-INFRARED STAR FORMATION RATE INDICATORS (2010, background): “…the light is dominated by the photospheric emission from low–mass stars; hence the measurement is insensitive to the details of the galaxy’s star formation history, and dust attenuation is small (see, e.g., Nishiyama et al. 2009, for a discussion on the dust extinction curve at these wavelengths).”
Vvv dr1: the first data release of the milky way bulge and southern plane from the near-infrared eso public survey vista variables in the via lactea (2011, background): “Even in the innermost fields (|b| ≤ 1◦) the VVV Survey reachesKs ∼ 16.5 mag, at least a magnitude deeper than the IRSF/SIRIUS Survey of the Galactic Centre (Nagayama et al. 2003; Nishiyama et al. 2006, 2009).”
Surface brightness profile of the Milky Way’s nuclear star cluster (2014, methodology): “Toward the GC it reaches minimum levels at mid-infrared (MIR) wavelengths of 3 − 5 µm (Nishiyama et al. 2009; Fritz et al. 2011).”
TWO RED CLUMPS AND THE X-SHAPED MILKY WAY BULGE (2010, methodology): “Our K-band extinction correction for (l,b)=(−1,−8) at 0.10 mag. would be reduced to 0.08 mag. if we employed the Nishiyama et al. (2009) reddening law.”
The structure of the Milky Way's bar outside the bulge (2015, methodology): “To estimate AKsE(H−Ks) we use the value AH/AKs = 1.73 measured by Nishiyama et al. (2009) using red clump stars close to the galactic plane towards the galactic center.”