Descriptive analysis of estrogen receptor (ER)‐negative, progesterone receptor (PR)‐negative, and HER2‐negative invasive breast cancer, the so‐called triple‐negative phenotype

By K. Bauer, Monica Brown, R. Cress, C. Parise, V. Caggiano. Cancer, 2007

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An overview of triple-negative breast cancer (2016, background): “Regardless of the stage at diagnosis, these women had poorer survival than those with other breast cancers, and non-Hispanic black women with late-stage TNBC had the poorest survival, with a 5-year relative survival of only 14 % [32].”
Epidemiology of basal-like breast cancer (2008, background): “Recently, researchers at the California Cancer Registry found that breast cancer patients with the “triple negative” (ER−, PR−, HER2−) phenotype were more likely to be under age 40, African-American, or Hispanic [ 66 ].”
Phase II Trial of Bicalutamide in Patients with Androgen Receptor–Positive, Estrogen Receptor–Negative Metastatic Breast Cancer (2013, background): “Eight patients whose tumors tested AR+ were ineligible for treatment due to testing ER(+) centrally (2), developing a second primary cancer (1), not meeting all of the prespecified eligibility criteria (2), or having a significant decline in performance status (3).”