A New Strategy for High‐Voltage Cathodes for K‐Ion Batteries: Stoichiometric KVPO4F

By Haegyeom Kim, D. Seo, M. Bianchini, R. Clément, Hyunchul Kim, Jae Chul Kim, Yaosen Tian, Tan Shi, W. Yoon, Gerbrand Ceder. Advanced Energy Materials, 2018

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The exploration of high‐energy‐density cathode materials is vital to the practical use of K‐ion batteries. Layered K‐metal oxides have too high a voltage slope due to their large K+–K+ interaction, resulting in low specific capacity and average voltage. In contrast, the 3D arrangement of K+, with polyanions separating them, reduces the strength of the effective K+‐K+ repulsion, which in turn increases specific capacity and voltage. Here, stoichiometric KVPO4F for use as a high‐energy‐density K‐ion cathode is developed. The KVPO4F cathode delivers a reversible capacity of ≈105 mAh g−1 with an average voltage of ≈4.3 V (vs K/K+), resulting in a gravimetric energy density of ≈450 Wh kg−1. During electrochemical cycling, the KxVPO4F cathode goes through various intermediate phases at x = 0.75, 0.625, and 0.5 upon K extraction and reinsertion, as determined by ex situ X‐ray diffraction characterization and ab initio calculations. This work further explains the role of oxygen substitution in KVPO4+xF1−x: the oxygenation of KVPO4F leads to an anion‐disordered structure which prevents the formation of K+/vacancy orderings without electrochemical plateaus and hence to a smoother voltage profile.

Subfields: Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Materials Chemistry

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a5c8ece2db215b1d29b9fdf40496c4eb230aa8c9