Thinking & Reasoning

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Counterfactuals in Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI): Evidence from Human Reasoning (2019, background): “But when they created a counterfactual about how things could have been worse – the boy whose brick fell to the side of the road could have injured someone – they blamed him more for his actions [Parkinson and Byrne, 2017].”
Non-commercial Research and Educational Use including without Limitation Use in Instruction at Your Institution, Sending It to Specific Colleagues That You Know, and Providing a Copy to Your Institution's Administrator. All Other Uses, Reproduction and Distribution, including without Limitation Comm (2005, unknown): “The Hamiltonian (in Hz) of a molecule dissolved in a uniaxial nematic liquid crystal is given by: H ¼ X l m l I Z;l þ X l<m J lm I l Á I m þ X l<m D lm ð3I Z;l I Z;m À I l Á I m Þ ð1Þ where m l is the resonance frequency of nucleus l and J lm and D lm are the indirect spin–spin and the direct…”